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Why is belief in Mashiach essential when the other twelve principles describe present realities? Unlike personal reward in Olam Haba, Mashiach represents the ultimate vindication that Jewish values reflect objective divine truths that will triumph worldwide. Without this future validation, all mitzvos reduce to mere dedication—a quality that can serve evil as easily as good—making Jewish existence meaningless.
This profound shiur examines the twelfth of Maimonides' Thirteen Principles of Faith: belief in the coming of Mashiach. Rabbi Zweig begins by citing the Rambam (רמב"ם)'s formulation that we must believe with perfect faith in Mashiach's coming, regardless of delay, and that the Mashiach will emerge from King Dovid's lineage. The Rambam describes the Messianic age as a time when Jews regain independence, return to Israel, and live under a great king in Zion, though the world will remain largely unchanged except for the end of political subjugation. Rabbi Zweig addresses a fundamental question: why do Jews facing the Holocaust sing 'Ani Maamin' about Mashiach's coming? He rejects the superficial understanding that this represents hope for revenge against oppressors, calling such an interpretation 'hollow' and unworthy of great souls facing martyrdom. Instead, he probes deeper into what distinguishes this principle from all others.
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Why did the Rambam need to codify thirteen principles of faith when no earlier authority systematically listed fundamental Jewish beliefs? The principles establish the essential perspective that our relationship with God transcends contractual obligation - we inherit a bond of oneness from Avrohom, Yitzchok, and Yaakov that makes Torah observance an expression of intimacy rather than mere duty.