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Did the Tzadikim reject all oral tradition, or only when it contradicted explicit Torah (תורה) text? The shiur traces this dispute to Antigonus of Socho's teaching about serving without expectation of reward. Tzadikim maintained an 'arm's length' contractual relationship with Hashem (ה׳), while Perushim understood we belong entirely to Him as devoted servants.
This shiur provides a comprehensive reexamination of the classical understanding of the Tzadikim-Perushim controversy. Rather than the simplistic view taught that Tzadikim rejected Torah (תורה) Shebe'al Peh entirely, the Rav demonstrates that both groups accepted the oral tradition where it explained ambiguous Torah passages. The real dispute emerged when Torah Shebe'al Peh appeared to contradict the literal Torah text. The Rav addresses several difficulties with the traditional understanding: How could Tzadikim observe Shabbos (שבת), perform brit milah, or wear tefillin without Torah Shebe'al Peh? The answer is that Tzadikim were 'strict constructionists' who accepted oral tradition for clarification but rejected rabbinic interpretations that seemed to contradict explicit verses.
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How long must Hashem tolerate the Jewish people's rebellious behavior? A Midrash compares this to the halachic question of carrying a child holding muktze on Shabbos. The analysis reveals that rejecting Eretz Yisrael represents a deeper spiritual corruption than individual acts of avoda zara.
Yoma 19b (Kohen Gadol oath), Menachos 65a (Sefirat HaOmer dispute)
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What did Dovid mean when he reduced the 613 mitzvos to twelve principles? The Gemara reveals that mitzvos have two dimensions: fulfilling the obligation and achieving personal completion (hashlomah). Dovid identified twelve core principles that encapsulate the essential character development aspect of all mitzvos.
