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Why did the Meraglim lose faith despite witnessing constant miracles? Two approaches existed for conquering Eretz Yisrael: Kalev's belief that Jews possess pure divine essence requiring no external help, and everyone else's view that divine assistance was needed. The Meraglim fatally concluded they couldn't succeed alone and that Hashem (ה׳) wouldn't help either.
This shiur addresses one of the most perplexing episodes in the Torah (תורה) - the Meraglim (spies) and Klal Yisrael's fear of entering Eretz Yisrael despite experiencing the Ten Plagues, splitting of the sea, receiving the Torah, and constant miracles. The Rav explains that there were fundamentally two approaches to conquering the land. The first approach, held uniquely by Kalev ben Yefuneh, maintained that Klal Yisrael possesses an inherent divine essence (chelek Elokai mima'al) that makes them capable of unlimited accomplishments without external assistance - they could even fly to heaven if commanded. This represents the ideology of Malchus Beit Dovid, where the Jewish soul embodies complete divinity and requires no external help. The second approach, held by everyone else including Moshe, Aharon, and Yehoshua, acknowledged that while Klal Yisrael needed divine assistance, Hashem (ה׳) would certainly provide it. The Meraglim initially agreed they couldn't conquer alone, but then fatally concluded that Hashem wouldn't help them either. This explains the apparent contradiction in Rashi (רש"י) - they were righteous when they left because they believed they could succeed independently, but became wicked when they realized they couldn't and simultaneously lost faith in divine assistance. The reminder of Amalek was meant to discourage because against Amalek, Klal Yisrael was helpless without Moshe's raised hands - proving they couldn't fight without divine intervention. Kalev's visit to Kever Avos wasn't to request help, but to connect with the divine essence inherited from the forefathers. Only Kalev was excluded from the decree because only he maintained that Klal Yisrael's essence was purely divine. This explains why Yehoshua needed the name change for protection while Kalev didn't - Yehoshua subscribed to the approach requiring divine assistance, making him vulnerable to the spies' negative influence. The difference between Malchus Yosef (represented by Yehoshua) and Malchus Yehuda (represented by Kalev) is precisely this distinction - Yosef requires external divine assistance while Yehuda embodies pure divinity. This is why only Malchus Beit Dovid has the privilege of sitting in the Temple courtyard. The shiur concludes that the ultimate conquest of Eretz Yisrael will occur in the Messianic era when every Jew will embody this complete divine essence, making the final redemption possible through pure spiritual power rather than external assistance.
Parshas Shelach 13:1-14:45
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