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Why does Tosafos (תוספות) allow shvus de-shvus for milah but not single shvus, and why exclude mitzvos like Talmud (תלמוד) Torah (תורה)? The shiur develops a chakira distinguishing two types of rabbinical Shabbos (שבת) prohibitions: single shvus as lo ta'aseh (preventing melacha) versus shvus de-shvus as aseh (maintaining Shabbos sanctity). This explains why dechiyah works differently for each category.
This shiur examines a complex Tosafos (תוספות) in Bava Basra regarding the permissibility of amira l'akum (instructing a non-Jew) to perform rabbinical prohibitions on Shabbos (שבת). Tosafos distinguishes between different levels of shvus: single shvus is only permitted for yishuv v'yerushah (settling the Land of Israel), while shvus de-shvus (double shvus) is permitted for mitzvos like milah (circumcision). However, Tosafos limits this further, arguing that shvus de-shvus is only permitted for mitzvos that override Shabbos itself, not for other mitzvos like Talmud (תלמוד) Torah (תורה), even though Torah study is considered k'neged kulam (equivalent to all other mitzvos). The shiur raises a fundamental question about Tosafos's reasoning. If the principle were simply about the importance of mitzvos (as the Rambam (רמב"ם) suggests with 'tzorech mitzvah (מצוה)'), then Torah study should certainly qualify. Instead, Tosafos appears to be establishing a principle of dechiyah (overriding) - that only mitzvos which override Shabbos at the Torah level can override rabbinical Shabbos prohibitions.
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How long must Hashem tolerate the Jewish people's rebellious behavior? A Midrash compares this to the halachic question of carrying a child holding muktze on Shabbos. The analysis reveals that rejecting Eretz Yisrael represents a deeper spiritual corruption than individual acts of avoda zara.
Bava Basra (specific daf not mentioned)
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What did Dovid mean when he reduced the 613 mitzvos to twelve principles? The Gemara reveals that mitzvos have two dimensions: fulfilling the obligation and achieving personal completion (hashlomah). Dovid identified twelve core principles that encapsulate the essential character development aspect of all mitzvos.
