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What is the underlying nature of nedarim—keeping one's word or paying a debt? The shiur analyzes a fundamental dispute between the Rambam (רמב"ם) and Ramban (רמב"ן) regarding whether nidrei hekdesh and nidrei issur are one mitzvah (מצוה) or two, focusing on their different understandings of the obligation. The Ramban views nidrei hekdesh as creating a monetary debt (shibud nechasim), while the Rambam sees all nedarim as commitments to keep one's word, with profound implications for bal yachel and bal te'acher.
This shiur presents a deep analysis of the nature of nedarim (vows), focusing on a fundamental machlokes between the Rambam (רמב"ם) and the Ramban (רמב"ן) regarding whether nidrei hekdesh (vows of consecration) and nidrei issur (vows of prohibition) constitute one mitzvah (מצוה) or two distinct mitzvos in the taryag mitzvos. The discussion begins with an examination of the Gemara (גמרא)'s concept of "kol sha'ah vesha'ah dilma mayis" (perhaps he will die at any moment) and its relationship to the timeframe of bal te'acher (the prohibition against delaying fulfillment of a vow). The shiur opens with a discussion of the Ran's approach to nezirus, where a person can be mechabel (accept upon himself) nezirus and immediately be obligated, yet not yet be a nazir. This creates a state where one is chayav nezirus but it is bal te'acher de'nezirus, not bal te'acher de'neder. The Rosh, by contrast, holds that bal te'acher only begins after three regalim (festivals) have passed. This raises the fundamental question: if bal te'acher is always after three regalim according to the Rosh, why does the Gemara need the entire discussion of "dilma mayis kol sha'ah vesha'ah"?
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Nedarim 3b
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