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What makes mishpatim fundamentally different from other mitzvos? The shiur develops a yesod that mishpatim recognize pre-existing rights while other mitzvos create obligations. When someone steals, they violate both God's law and the victim's inherent right to property, explaining why probability works differently in interpersonal versus ritual law.
Rabbi Zweig begins by questioning the nature of mishpatim - laws that are considered logical or rational. He challenges the conventional understanding by asking why it matters if a law is logical versus illogical, since we are equally obligated to perform all mitzvos. He examines the puzzling Midrash where nations reject the Torah (תורה) based on laws like 'do not steal' and 'do not murder,' which are already incumbent upon Gentiles under the Seven Noahide Laws, often with even stricter punishments. The shiur delves into the fundamental distinction between bein adam lechavero (interpersonal laws) and bein adam lamakom (laws between man and God). Rabbi Zweig argues this is not merely a categorization of convenience but represents a substantive philosophical difference in how these laws operate.
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Parshas Mishpatim
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Why does the Torah introduce mishpatim with the metaphor of setting a prepared table? The shiur argues that rational mitzvos should be performed with understanding and natural desire, not mere obedience. This explains why we don't make blessings on charity and why technical observance without heartfelt compliance led to Jerusalem's destruction.
