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Why does the pasuk need to teach that kibud av doesn't override Shabbos (שבת)? The Gemara (גמרא)'s havamina that the aseh of honoring one's father could push aside the lav of chillul Shabbos raises a fundamental question: Is kibud av merely a din of kedima (precedence), or does listening to one's father when he commands an avera render that act no mitzvah (מצוה) at all? Rashi (רש"י) and Tosafot diverge sharply on the mechanics of aseh docheh lo sa'aseh and what counts as hechsher mitzvah.
This advanced Gemara (גמרא) shiur on Yevamos 5b examines the Gemara's teaching that a father's command does not override the mitzvah (מצוה) of Shabbos (שבת) observance. The shiur opens with the fundamental question posed by Tosafot: if we already know from the sugya in Kiddushin that when a father and mother give conflicting commands, the father's command takes precedence because the mother herself is obligated in kavod to the father, why do we need a separate pasuk to teach that Hashem (ה׳)'s command overrides a father's command? The logic should be straightforward—just as the mother is obligated to honor the father, both father and son are obligated to honor Hashem, so naturally Hashem's command should take precedence. Rabbi Zweig develops Tosafot's answer: the din learned from the Kiddushin case is not merely a din of kedima (precedence) but rather teaches that when one listens to the father over the mother in such a case, one is still fulfilling kibud av. However, when a father commands something that contradicts Hashem's direct command, listening to the father is not a mitzvah at all—it doesn't merely lose out in a calculation of priorities. This is a fundamental distinction. The pasuk regarding Shabbos teaches not just that Shabbos takes precedence, but that in such a case there is no mitzvah of kibud av whatsoever.
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Yevamos 5b
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