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When does the obligation of Yom Kippur fasting begin for a minor? The shiur contrasts three views: the Rif holds it's when Yom Kippur itself is chal on a child, the Baal HaMaor sees it as preparation time before gadlus, and the Rambam (רמב"ם) distinguishes between practice (shos) and consecration (hashlama).
This shiur presents a detailed analysis of the Gemara (גמרא) in Yoma 82a concerning the obligation of Yom Kippur fasting for minors (ketanim). The sugya discusses three opinions in the Gemara: Rav Chisda (per Rashi (רש"י)'s reading), Rav Huna, and Rav Nachman, each with different views on the years of shos (practice/training) and hashlama (completion) before a child reaches gadlus (halakhic majority). According to the Riv's reading of the Gemara, Rav Nachman and Rav Huna both agree that gadlus for purposes of this halacha (הלכה) is at twelve years old, but they disagree on whether there are two years of shos and two years of hashlama (Rav Huna) or two years of shos and one year of hashlama (Rav Nachman). Both hold that twelve is a din d'oraita. Rav Yochanan holds there is no hashlama d'oraita at all, and that everyone starts at ten years old. The Riv paskens like Rav Yochanan that gadlus is twelve for a girl and thirteen for a boy, but follows Rav Nachman's structure of two years shos and one year hashlama.
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Yoma 82a
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