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Why does the Mishna categorize eating non-standard foods as chatsi nezek rather than nezek shalem? The shiur develops Rashi (רש"י)'s framework distinguishing between derech achilah (food the animal seeks) and achilah yedei hadchak (food eaten only when hungry), showing that an animal will do something meshunah only for the former. This creates two separate halachos in damages and explains the Mishna's formulation.
This shiur analyzes a fundamental question in Bava Kamma 19b regarding the structure and logic of the Mishna's treatment of damages caused by an animal's eating. The primary question is why the Mishna discusses certain cases as chatsi nezek (half damages) when they appear to belong to the category of keren (horn), which should require full damages. The Rosh raises a critical question: Why does the Gemara (גמרא) present the case of an animal eating inedible items (ksus v'keilim - clothing and vessels) when this should simply be a din of keren? The Rosh answers that the chiddush is that one pays only on the hefsed (loss) of killing the animal, not on the achilah (consumption) of the meat itself. However, this position contradicts other Rishonim, including Rashi (רש"י) and the Rambam (רמב"ם), who hold that one pays chatsi nezek on the entire value.
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Bava Kamma 19b
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