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Why does the Mishna in Shabbos (שבת) 2b-3a present certain carrying cases but not others? Rashi (רש"י) holds the Mishna teaches a new issur d'rabbanan for partial melachos like akira without hanachah. The Rambam (רמב"ם) argues the primary chiddush is shnayim she'asu - two people sharing one melacha are patur.
This shiur provides an intensive analysis of Gemara (גמרא) Shabbos (שבת) 2b-3a, focusing on the fundamental machlokes between Rashi (רש"י) and the Rambam (רמב"ם) regarding the Mechaber's (the one who authored the Mishna) approach to the cases of hotza'ah (carrying) on Shabbos. The Gemara discusses why the Mechaber brings only two cases in one context but four cases in another, leading to the Gaon's question about the structure. Rashi's position is that the Mishna comes to teach an issur d'rabbanan on someone who performs only part of a melacha - specifically on one who does akira (picking up) and hotza'ah (carrying out) without hanachah (putting down). According to Rashi, there are two separate halachos: one that you're not chayav mi'd'oraisa for incomplete melachos, and a second new din that there's nevertheless an issur d'rabbanan. Rashi holds that the akira itself constitutes hotza'ah when someone puts their hand across reshuyos, making it a complete enough action to warrant rabbinical prohibition.
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Shabbos 2b-3a
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