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How do we determine which mitzvos override Shabbos (שבת) restrictions through gezeirah shavah (textual analogy)? The shiur analyzes the Talmudic methodology of comparing lulav, omer, and shtei halechem, focusing on when analogies require mufneh (textual exclusivity) versus gillui milsa b'alma (general principles revealed through examples). The Ran's question about determining relative stringencies reveals fundamental principles of Talmudic reasoning.
This shiur provides a detailed analysis of Gemara (גמרא) Shabbos (שבת) 131b, focusing on the complex Talmudic reasoning regarding which mitzvos override Shabbos restrictions and how we derive these laws through gezeirah shavah (textual analogy). Rabbi Zweig begins by examining why the Torah (תורה) specifies 'beyom harishon' (on the first day) for taking the lulav, establishing that this indicates the mitzvah (מצוה) applies even on Shabbos. The discussion centers on whether this applies during both day and night, with Rashi (רש"י) explaining that initially one might think tiltul (moving objects) on Shabbos could be problematic, but since it's only a rabbinic prohibition, the Torah mitzvah overrides it. A significant portion focuses on the Rambam (רמב"ם)'s position in Hilchos Shabbos (24:12) regarding the prohibition of tiltul on Shabbos. The Rambam explains that the Sages prohibited certain activities on Shabbos that resemble weekday behavior, including moving objects aimlessly, as this could lead to actual Shabbos violations. This creates a framework for understanding when the positive commandment of taking the lulav can override these restrictions.
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Shabbos 131b
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