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Why does Rashi (רש"י) give contradictory statements about Shabbos (שבת) violation? The shiur develops a framework of two separate dinim: one affecting the chefetz of Shabbos (the day's sanctity) and another on the gavra (the person's obligation). This dual structure resolves the contradictions and illuminates practical applications in Tosefes Yom Tov and simchas Yom Tov.
This shiur examines a complex sugya in Pesachim 99b focusing on Rashi (רש"י)'s seemingly contradictory statements about Shabbos (שבת) violation. In one place, Rashi indicates that without the din of mechallel (desecrating), one must do everything together, while elsewhere he states that without this din, one is chayav even for one melacha, but doing four counts as only one violation. Rabbi Zweig proposes that there are two separate dinim at play. The first is a din affecting the cheftz of Shabbos - the sanctity of the day itself. This relates to the concept of mechallel, literally making Shabbos into a weekday by performing all thirty-nine melachos. The second is a din on the gavra (person) - the individual's obligation not to perform melacha on Shabbos. The maskana of the Gemara (גמרא) maintains both dinim, with the chiddush being that violating the cheftz of Shabbos occurs with just one melacha, not that we've changed from an isur cheftz to an isur gavra.
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Pesachim 99b
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