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What does the Gemara (גמרא) mean when it says "pitui ketanah ones" (a seduced minor is considered forced)? The shiur develops a fundamental machlokes between Tosafos (תוספות) and the Rambam (רמב"ם) regarding two different concepts of ones (force) - physical coercion versus betrayal of husband.
This shiur analyzes a fundamental disagreement between Rishonim regarding the nature of ones (force) in the context of a minor who commits adultery. The Gemara (גמרא) in Kesubos 9a presents a case where a woman was betrothed as a minor (under age 3) and later claims to have been found "pesach (פסח) pasuach" (not a virgin). The discussion centers on whether this creates a safek safeka (double doubt) or just one doubt. Rashi (רש"י) and Tosafos (תוספות) both modify the Gemara's case, adding that the woman must now be over twelve years old, creating what appears to be a forced interpretation. Tosafos asks why this isn't a safek safeka - doubt whether it was ones or ratzon (forced or willing), and even if willing, perhaps she was under twelve when it occurred.
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Why does halacha forbid entering dangerous places if everything happens by Divine decree? The shiur examines the debate between Rashi and Tosfos on traveling at night, developing a fundamental distinction: Rashi holds one must avoid even deserved punishments that Hashem delays through mercy, while Tosfos holds the prohibition addresses self-inflicted harm through free will. This framework reveals how people rationalize self-destructive behavior as "hashgacha."
Why does the Gemara praise hospitality to scholars as a unique mitzvah rather than ordinary hachnasas orchim? The shiur distinguishes two mitzvahs: hachnasas orchim (providing for those in need) and connecting to talmidei chachamim (cleaving to God through scholars). Yisro's meal for the Jewish leaders wasn't charity—it was his way of bonding with those transformed by Torah, teaching that learning must fundamentally change who we are.
Kesubos 9a
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