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Why does Megillas Ruth open with failed judges and famine before tracing Dovid's lineage? The breakdown of leadership authority (judges could be questioned unlike kings) caused both social chaos and divine testing through hunger. Elimelech's flight to Moav represents the crucial choice facing potential leaders - step up to communal responsibility or abandon it - preparing the way for proper Jewish kingship.
Rabbi Zweig begins by establishing that Megillas Ruth is not merely a collection of stories but serves a unified purpose as preparation for Jewish kingship. The sefer traces the lineage leading to King Dovid, exploring what qualities a king needs and how the monarchy should be established. The opening verse 'when the judges judged' is interpreted through Chazal as meaning the generation judged their judges - a fundamental breakdown in authority that distinguishes the judge system from kingship. Unlike kings who have laws against rebellion, judges lacked this protective authority, leading to a generation that questioned rather than obeyed their leaders. This breakdown in leadership directly connects to the famine mentioned in the text. Rabbi Zweig explains that kings bear responsibility for sustaining their people, citing the daily appeals to King Dovid for sustenance and drawing parallels to historical revolutions caused by hunger. The connection to Beis Lechem (literally 'house of bread') reinforces this theme, as Jewish kingship originates from this town symbolizing sustenance.
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