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Does Kriat Shema require kavana to fulfill the mitzvah (מצוה)? The Rambam (רמב"ם)'s revolutionary approach distinguishes between kavana likros (intention to read) and kavana leshem (purposeful intention), arguing that Shema's words have inherent power even without specific mitzvah-intention. The core requirement is kavana for kabbalat ol malchut shamayim, not for the reading itself.
This shiur provides an in-depth analysis of a complex sugya in Berachos 13a dealing with the kavana (intention) requirements for Kriat Shema. The central question revolves around the Mishna's statement that one must have proper intention of heart (kiven libo) when reading Shema, and what this means practically. Rabbi Zweig examines the fundamental disagreement between Rashi (רש"י) and Tosafos (תוספות) versus the Rambam (רמב"ם) regarding the case of kore lehagia (reading to proofread). According to Rashi and Tosafos, if someone is merely reading to check the text's accuracy without intent to actually 'read' in the full sense, they need kavana likros (intention to read) and are not yotze (fulfilled) without it. The Rambam, however, takes a revolutionary approach, arguing that kore lehagia constitutes valid kriya (reading) and one can be yotze even without kavana likros, as long as they have kavana leshem (intention for the purpose). The shiur explores how this connects to the broader question of whether mitzvos require kavana. The Rambam's position suggests that Kriat Shema is ein tzrich kavana (doesn't require intention) because the words of Torah (תורה) themselves have inherent power and meaning. However, Kriat Shema uniquely requires kavana salev (acceptance of the yoke of Heaven), which is not about fulfilling the mitzvah (מצוה) but about the very nature of what Shema is - kabbalat ol malchut shamayim. Rabbi Zweig explains that according to the Rambam, Kriat Shema has two components: the dibur (speech) aspect, which follows the rules of Talmud (תלמוד) Torah and doesn't require special kavana, and the kabbalat ol malchut shamayim aspect, which requires that one know they are accepting God's sovereignty. The analysis extends to practical halacha (הלכה), discussing cases where someone says Shema while distracted but knowing what they're doing, and whether this fulfills the obligation.
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Berachos 13a
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Should one learn Torah full-time trusting in Divine providence, or combine learning with work? The shiur distinguishes between Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai's approach of complete separation from worldly concerns versus Rabbi Shmuel's view that proper work itself becomes part of Torah. The key insight: true emunah means learning without demanding sustenance from either Hashem or community, unlike having a 'contract' expecting payment for learning.
