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Why do Rishonim disagree about whether violating the gezeirah of chatzos affects mitzvah (מצוה) fulfillment? Rashi (רש"י), the Rambam (רמב"ם), and Rabbeinu Yonah offer three distinct approaches to when rabbinic protective measures redefine versus merely limit Torah (תורה) obligations. The analysis reveals a fundamental tension about whether violating rabbinic decrees can prevent fulfillment of underlying Torah mitzvos.
This in-depth shiur examines Masechta Berachos 2a, focusing on the complex dispute between major Rishonim regarding the gezeirah of chatzos (midnight) for mitzvos that Torah (תורה)-wise extend until dawn. Rabbi Zweig begins with the fundamental question of what the Tannaim are arguing about - when Rav Gamaliel says one is obligated after chatzos while the Chachamim disagree. The analysis centers on three major approaches: Rashi (רש"י) presents a particularly difficult position, suggesting that kol nachod li'yom echad (eating offerings within the day) has an entirely different reasoning than Kriyat Shema. According to Rashi, the gezeirah for eating offerings is to prevent transgressing the prohibition of nosar (leaving offerings past their time), which would incur kares, rather than ensuring timely fulfillment of the mitzvah (מצוה).
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Berachos 2a
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Should one learn Torah full-time trusting in Divine providence, or combine learning with work? The shiur distinguishes between Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai's approach of complete separation from worldly concerns versus Rabbi Shmuel's view that proper work itself becomes part of Torah. The key insight: true emunah means learning without demanding sustenance from either Hashem or community, unlike having a 'contract' expecting payment for learning.
