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Is Targum Onkelos primarily a translation for those who don't understand Hebrew, or fundamentally a commentary that explains beyond the literal text? The shiur analyzes how Tosafos (תוספות) and other Rishonim answer this question differently, leading to practical disputes about whether other commentaries can substitute for Targum in fulfilling Shnayim Mikra V'Echad Targum.
This shiur provides a detailed analysis of the Gemara (גמרא)'s discussion in Berachos 8a regarding the obligation of Shnayim Mikra V'Echad Targum - reading each Torah (תורה) portion twice in Hebrew and once with Targum. The discussion begins with examining the language of 'yashlim' (complete) in the context of this mitzvah (מצוה), exploring whether it refers to completing the entire Torah cycle or making up missed portions. Rabbi Zweig analyzes the Rambam (רמב"ם)'s position that one should complete the parsha with the community, understanding this as either reading each week's portion or finishing the entire Torah within the year. A central focus of the shiur is understanding the fundamental nature and purpose of Targum. The Gemara presents the principle that one may recite in any foreign language because it functions 'mefaresh' (explanatory), similar to how Targum Onkelos explains rather than merely translates. This raises the question: is Targum primarily a translation tool for those who don't understand Hebrew, or is it fundamentally a commentary that provides explanations beyond what's apparent in the original text?
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Berachos 8a
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Should one learn Torah full-time trusting in Divine providence, or combine learning with work? The shiur distinguishes between Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai's approach of complete separation from worldly concerns versus Rabbi Shmuel's view that proper work itself becomes part of Torah. The key insight: true emunah means learning without demanding sustenance from either Hashem or community, unlike having a 'contract' expecting payment for learning.
